Free Essays on Aphorism

Have you ever had a pair of shoes cherished so much that you were afraid to run the risk of wearing them, for fear of them getting scuffed, but by the time you wear them their too small? The aphorism by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"We are always getting ready to live, but never living.† is still valid today. It is often that we prepare to live rather than living instead. Often people are unwilling to take opportunity, Emerson tries to show this in his aphorism. Due to the risks involved, people sometimes miss their chance at opportunities. Just like the kid unwilling to wear his shoes for fear of scuffing them, we are often caught in the same struggle between risk and desire. The kid desires to wear, and to be seen in his new shoes. But the risk of scuffing his new shoes outweighs wearing them, in his mind. People often do not realize what they’ve missed because of risk involved, until its too late. Finally the little kid decides he’s willing to accept the risk of scuffing his shoes, but by the time he tries to slip his feet into the little shows he realizes he’s outgrown them and they’ll no longer fit. Disgruntled and distraught, the kid wants to wear the shoes more than anything now that he can’t wear them. Emerson hints that we should take opportunities as they come; and never hide in the face of risk. Emerson’s aphorism could also be interpreted as a plea to enjoy what you have now, rather than always strive for more. It is not uncommon to see a prominent member of society spend the majority of their time working, rather than enjoying the wealth they have already acquired. Emerson is trying to say that we should stop and appreciate what we have, rather than spend our time trying to obtain more. After all, how can one fully enjoy what they have, when they are too busy trying to acquire more. Emerson hints that we should not spend our lives preparing for life rather than living life. Throughout our lives it’s common to ... Free Essays on Aphorism Free Essays on Aphorism Have you ever had a pair of shoes cherished so much that you were afraid to run the risk of wearing them, for fear of them getting scuffed, but by the time you wear them their too small? The aphorism by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"We are always getting ready to live, but never living.† is still valid today. It is often that we prepare to live rather than living instead. Often people are unwilling to take opportunity, Emerson tries to show this in his aphorism. Due to the risks involved, people sometimes miss their chance at opportunities. Just like the kid unwilling to wear his shoes for fear of scuffing them, we are often caught in the same struggle between risk and desire. The kid desires to wear, and to be seen in his new shoes. But the risk of scuffing his new shoes outweighs wearing them, in his mind. People often do not realize what they’ve missed because of risk involved, until its too late. Finally the little kid decides he’s willing to accept the risk of scuffing his shoes, but by the time he tries to slip his feet into the little shows he realizes he’s outgrown them and they’ll no longer fit. Disgruntled and distraught, the kid wants to wear the shoes more than anything now that he can’t wear them. Emerson hints that we should take opportunities as they come; and never hide in the face of risk. Emerson’s aphorism could also be interpreted as a plea to enjoy what you have now, rather than always strive for more. It is not uncommon to see a prominent member of society spend the majority of their time working, rather than enjoying the wealth they have already acquired. Emerson is trying to say that we should stop and appreciate what we have, rather than spend our time trying to obtain more. After all, how can one fully enjoy what they have, when they are too busy trying to acquire more. Emerson hints that we should not spend our lives preparing for life rather than living life. Throughout our lives it’s common to ...

How Higher Taxes for The Rich Actually Hurt the Poor

How Higher Taxes for The Rich Actually Hurt the Poor Do the rich actually pay for the higher taxes when they become law? Technically, the answer is yes. But the reality is that those costs are usually just passed on to other people or spending is restricted. Either way, the net effect is often a huge hit on the economy. Millions of small and medium-sized businesses fall into the target zone for higher taxation. If a small business is hit with higher costs due to an increase in fuel prices or raw goods, those increases are usually just passed on to the consumers, and those with less disposable income see their costs rise to sometimes devastating levels. Trickle-Down Taxation If the feed for livestock increases due to demand, that cost increase is eventually added into the price of a gallon of milk or a pound of cheese. When gas prices more than double causing the transportation costs of the milk and cheese to double, those costs are also built into the prices. And when taxes (income taxes, corporate taxes, Obamacare taxes or otherwise) are raised on the businesses that either produce, transport, or sell the milk and cheese those costs will equally show up in the price of the product. Businesses simply dont just absorb increased costs. Higher taxes are treated no differently than other forms of increased costs and are typically trickled down and paid by consumers in the long run. This makes life harder for both the small businesses seeking to survive by keeping costs competitive but being unable to do so and Americans with less money to spend than just a few years earlier. Middle Class and the Poor hit Hardest on Higher Taxes The main argument made by conservatives is that you dont want to raise taxes on anyone - especially in tough economics times - because the burden of those costs eventually is spread out and hurt lower income Americans. As seen above, higher taxes are simply just passed on to consumers. And when you have many people and businesses involved in the production, transportation, and distribution of products, and they are all paying higher costs, the added costs built into the selling prices quickly begin to add up for the end consumer. So the question is who is most likely to be harmed by increased taxes on the rich? Ironically, it may be the income brackets that continue to demand those higher taxes on others. Taxed More, Spending Less Higher taxes have other consequences that can also impact the lower and mid-range income brackets more than the wealthier people those taxes are supposedly aimed at. Its simple, really: When people have less money, they spend less money. Thats less money spent on personal services, products, and luxury items. Anyone who has a job in sectors that sell expensive cars, boats, houses, or other sometimes luxurious items (in other words, anyone in manufacturing, retail, and construction industries) should want to have a large pool of people looking to buy. Sure its fun to say that so-and-so doesnt need another jet. But if I make jet parts, work as a mechanic, own an airport hangar or am a pilot looking for a job I want there to be as many jets purchased by as many people as possible. Higher taxes on investments also means fewer dollars spent investing as the reward starts to be less worth the risk. After all, why take the chance at losing already-taxed money when any returns on that investment are taxed at even higher rates? The purpose of low capital gains taxes is to encourage people to invest. Higher taxes means less investing. And that would hurt new or struggling businesses seeking financial backing. And taxing charitable donations at normal income rates would also reduce the amount of charitable giving. And who benefits the most from charitable giving? Lets just say not the rich who would simply just be forced to donate less. Liberals: Punish The Rich out of Fairness Its generally accepted that raising taxes on the rich would do little to reduce deficits, close funding gaps, or help the economy. When asked about the potential negatives of raising taxes on anyone, President Obama usually just answers that the matter is about fairness. Then what follows are lies about how the wealthy pay less than fast food workers or secretaries. For instance, Mitt Romneys effective tax rate of about 14% puts him at a tax rate higher than 97% of the population, according to the Tax Foundation. (Nearly half of Americans pay a 0% income tax rate). Its just fair to tax people who have a lot more money than everybody else. Warren Buffett said that it would raise the morale of the middle class to have the rich pay more, also using the false argument that people like Mitt Romney pay less than most middle-class Americans. In reality, a taxpayer would have to make well over $200,000 in regular income to match the Romney or Buffett tax rates. (Thats even taking into account the millions upon millions both guys give to charity, another reason for the low-for-millionaires-but-higher-than-most effective tax rate.) Its also unfortunate to think that any individuals morale would be raised simply because the government takes more and more from someone else. But perhaps that defines the difference between a ​liberal and a conservative.

Knowledge of water-only systems may influence the incident commanders Essay

Knowledge of water-only systems may influence the incident commanders incident action plan - Essay Example In case of a fire emergency, the knowledge of when and where the water is available will influence significantly which strategy the incident commander will adopt depending on whether or not the water will be available. The relevance and conciseness of the plan will depend on the knowledge of water-only systems. The commander will be able to create a plan that suits the emergency by assessing the availability of water in a particular area. When laying out a strategy to curb fire in a deserted area, the plan needs to include the sources of water to stop the fire or other sources to stop the situation such as fire extinguishers. Lastly, the knowledge on water systems will be essential to make timely and complete plans. The information on water systems will be critical to the execution of the project to avoid hindering efficiency and compromising safety (Haraway, 2010). For example, with the knowledge of where and when water will be available, a fire extinguishing company will be able to lay out a complete and timely plan of what shall be needed in the event. In conclusion, knowledge of water-only systems plays a crucial role in determining the objectives to be set, the strategies to be laid and the tactics to be applied in the case of emergencies. The knowledge enables the plan to be timely, accurate and

European spatial planning report Research Paper

European spatial planning report - Research Paper Example Identified aspects of the European background for spatial planning and expansion that are definite will be utilized to analyze matters of the report. There is an intense global perspective to spatial planning (Dühr et al. 2010). European incorporation enhances interconnections, growth and administrative across countrywide and regional borders (Hahn 2014). EU strategies in aspects such as surroundings, agriculture, transport, or regional strategy have extensive effects on spatial growth patterns and planning measures. The report concludes with assessment and recommendations that can assist the selected UK territory authority execute roles adequately (O’brien and Sykes 2013; Sykes 2011b). LED is a creation that is geared to promote development in suitable regions. The policy of LEP is about supporting economic development through enterprise zones and local enterprise partnerships. By considering LEP of various regions it is possible to advise the UK territorial authority in matters that affect development of some regions. LEP has challenges of social, economical and environmental capacity. However, different regions have dealt with these challenges in different ways. Local enterprise partnerships are affiliations between businesses and local authorities (Great Britain and Bailey 2010). They make a decision what the priorities must be for investment in infrastructures, buildings and amenities in the area. They are a means regions can develop without overdependence on federal or central governments. LEPs were provided the opportunity to apply to have a venture or project (investment) zone and 24 were offered. These regions can take benefit of tax incentives and easy lo cal planning policy (O’brien and Sykes 2013). They can have a key responsibility in this changeover or evolution both in terms of their responsibility in strategic economic planning, for example in investing in the essential infrastructure

Hinduism Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Research Paper Essay For me, the process of reading this section and sorting the confusion of thoughts thereafter enough to write about, involved several attempts to reading, writing and letting it go. As I read through this section with much anticipation, I found myself struggling to capture the essence of the writings of Kant, Weber, Marx, Hegel and others. After numerous readings, I realised that I was reading about modernity through the perspective of western philosophical writers and social thinkers. My eastern heritage and western education had somehow missed adequate information on both Hinduism and a balanced approach to modernity. As I read the writings of Smith, shortly after the first page, the expectation of deepening my understanding of Hinduism was pushed to the back burner and I received an education on western philosophical and social thought. That was disappointing because I had hoped to learn more about Hinduism and its place in the modern day. My expectation was that somehow the author would reconcile so called rational theorisations (that I too am very attached to) and the in-explainable Hindu concepts that I was familiar with. Unfortunately, other than seeing shadows of faith based thinking in Hegel, the section on Hinduism and modernity abruptly ends with little or no understanding on Hinduism and the assortment of modern day theorists do not bridge the intellectual divide between the two concepts. A couple of days after reading this section and failing to write any thoughts, I suddenly realised another obstacle in my thinking. When I lived in India, amidst the Indian culture, I had come to accept Hinduism as the â€Å"modern† religion as opposed to Christianity or Islam. The basis of this label was that Hinduism lacked a book or structured definitions and paid no attention to conversion of others to Hinduism. As an organised religion, it was wonderfully ambiguous, largely spiritual and open to individual expression. It was okay to discard rituals or practices that did not my approval. That essence of Hinduism that I carried from my stay in India was a sharp contrast to the author’s perspective of Hinduism being the example of a â€Å"traditional† religion, and perhaps a far cry from modernity. My personal thought is that Hinduism, like philosophical or social theory has over the last 2000 plus years been defined by male dominated patriarchal societies. Like the cream on homemade Indian yogurt, that layer needs to be peeled away to study the essence of Hinduism or modernity and understand the closeness they share. European Discovery of Hinduism from â€Å"Hinduism and Modernity† The European discovery of Hinduism spans a period from the 15th century when the ports of Goa opened up for the Portuguese traders to the 18th century when the British begin to live in India and acculturate themselves with some of the Indian traditions. In these three hundred years, India seemed to change from an isolated country hidden from the world, to a country that could no longer hide its spices, its riches and its culture. Sadly though, the discovery of Hinduism for non Indians did not have a clear theoretical base, and was dependant on a largely oral and abstractly written sparse Hindu religious/cultural history, during a time when the Indian society was not open to sharing with the outside world. As a result, the accounts of Hinduism written by visitors depicted the Hindu religion as grotesque or insipid, by European writers who travelled to India and experienced the culture from their biblical eyes. The practice of sati, the deification of kings, the extreme deprivation of Brahmans and the overly sexualised art altogether presented a confusing picture that could not be corrected, because the language of India was not understood by the Europeans. To their sensibilities, the ways of the Indians were horrifying to say the least. The Europeans in India, who could have had the opportunity to experience the Hindu culture first hand, also were kept at the fringes by the Indians, as per the writings of Bentinck in 1807. It seemed as though their (European) â€Å"needs† and â€Å"business† were â€Å"taken care† for them, without them disturbing the hierarchy and the dictates of the local culture. At this point, it seems as though the hierarchical society in India was interchangeably used to represent the Hindu religion. There seemed to be very little understanding of the Hindu religion apart from the social structure, with the teachings of he religion being a closely guarded secret, by the priests and the wealthy. The fact that that Indians were not open to foreigners examining their religion is evident from Bernier’s writings. Bernier’s base of atomism of Gassendi could have led to a productive exchange between the European and Indian culture, however, it seemed as if he gave u p because he could not visualise a coherent Hindu cosmological theory and the â€Å"pundit† who was his only source of information, did not have enough skills to dialogue. There were sporadic writings through this time, for example by Abraham Roger, 1649, themed on â€Å"Paganism† that attempted to describe the Hindu culture of India, but at some point they tended to disintegrate into a judgemental dismissal of the body of knowledge that was very different to say the least. There always seemed to be enough examples to create caricatures and convince the western world, that India was not worthy of serious enquiry. All in all, from a modern day perspective, it seems that the Indians had created multiple layers to protect themselves from invaders, missionaries, scholars, traders all of them having an agenda to rip open the cultural centre and expose the vulnerability to the world. So it seems that visitors were kept at bay, given spices, gold, and sent on their way. The resistance also came from an established social structure and was maintained by those in power, for whom, it made sense to keep up the confusing and diffused aura, so they may profit as the privileged few who understood both sides. Marx and Weber’s writings in the 19th century are also historical sources of information on this time, although Marx did not write anything that helped the world understand Hinduism. Webers’s writings did contain some key concepts which were central to the Hindus, such as â€Å"Samskaras† or â€Å"Karma† but also contained some extreme views which were more true of Webers’ own personal struggles and growth. It was not until the late 18th century, under the colonial rule by the British, that Indians met westerners as friends, who wanted to understand or join the Indian culture, without an agenda. Around that time, Indians within India had also begun to look beyond their borders and the environment seemed ready for cultural exchange. The exchanges thereafter where both the Indian and the British culture absorbed elements from each other created an environment where a genuine interest could sustain and studies could be done. Dayananda Saraswati from â€Å"A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism† Dear Sikander Bhaiya, I came across something interesting and wanted to share it with you. I’m taking a class in Hinduism, about 10,000 miles away from home, and learning about Dayananda Saraswati, who as it turns out, is the founder of our Arya Samaj sect. You may recognize the Arja Samaj nurseries near our house, well here is some information behind the teachings at these schools. As my professor says, Swami Dayananda was born into a Brahmin family in 19th century India. But one point you should know is that his real name is Mool Shankar and he was born in Gujrat. He found the Arya Samaj, meaning cultural organization, after an impacting event during the night of Shivratri. When mice ran all over Shiva and ate the offerings given to him, he could not understand why the idol could not defend himself from a mouse. Then, after the death of his sister from cholera, he no longer believed and degraded idol worship. That is when he created the Arya Samaj movement for people who do not believe in idol worship. Nevertheless, Swami Dayananda did not form the Arya Samaj based on this one principle, looking at Hinduism as a whole he rejected all the â€Å"falsehood† and created an body who believed in all the good in Hinduism. Swami Dayananda studied believed in the Vedic scriptures. One such notion he believed in was Moksha. Moksha is the escape from the reincarnation cycle and to finally become one with God. But, I personally believe that reincarnation is not bad and have no desire to escape this cycle. Why would one not appreciate the life God has given us and instead escape life to be absorbed into the soul of the Divine Spirit? As Swami Dayananda proclaims Moksha â€Å"is not emancipation but death or annihilation†. Death and annihilation are not words that come with a good meaning. Not everyone should be influenced to reach Moksha but instead be grateful for and enjoy what God has given us. Education is the sector in which Swami Dayananda made the most progress. For one, he wanted the Veda Bhashya to be translated into English in order to pread the information contained in these scriptures to the Europeans. He also believed in equal education for all. At his point of time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often left to take upon simple maiden tasks. But he stated that this would cause â€Å"warfare in the house†. Women will also be wanted a s teachers in all girls’ school and knowledgeable enough to be involved in administrative affairs. In addition, Swami Dayananda urged teachers and their scholars not to give into corrupt acts that could prevent teaching or learning. I think he wanted to ensure that people and their actions were not what kept them from acquiring knowledge. I greatly support Swami Dayananda’s belief that marriage should be Swayamvara. He believes that a man and a women should â€Å"suit each other† before marriage so they will be happier. In addition, he condemns child marriage, which usually results in women becoming widowed at a young age. This is such a pervasive phenomenon that completely stopping child marriage has still not occurred in India. Instead he added another custom that women can remarry as long as they were not â€Å"consummated† in their first marriage. This allows women to live a normal married life later on. I hope this letter has given you some light on Dayananda Saraswati and his Arya Samaj principles. Read on about this great Indian leader, his principles are inspiring. Tanya Ramakrishna Paramahansa, from â€Å"A Source Book of Modern Hinduism† Ramakrishna Paramahansa was a famous follower of Bhakti traditions of 19th century India. He was born into a poor Brahmin Vaishnava family in a Bengal village where he devoted his life to â€Å"strenuous spiritual discipline† (Richards,63) to reach union with the Divine, whom for Ramakrishna was Kali. He became a priest of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple near Kolkata, the city where his portrait hangs on every corner. Ramakrishna understood that Hinduism is like a shoreless ocean but still has two main facets Bhakti and Jnana, methods to become union with the Divine. He had chosen the Bhakti path to reach full consciousness with his Divine Mother, Kali. But he does not narrow his view of religion and God to only Kali. I agree with Ramakrishna when he says that God comes in various forms and as one becomes more devoted to God they begin to understand the wholeness of God’s existence in this universe. When one sees Kali, the idol, with a naked eye they see black. But her color can be compared to the blue sky, as one approaches the sky they realize it has no color. Yet, the sky is nowhere and everywhere, just like Kali. So, as one comes closer to Kali you will see her without color. Indians believed that there once existed Asuras , demons, who were tall, dark skinned and out to harm. Kali is a goddess who absorbed the negative physical attributes of the Asuras, hence her dark colored skin, but on the inside is a goddess who embodies Shakti, empowerment and strength. In India, Kali is considered the most powerful women who kills all evil and absorbs their poison so others are void of it. She is a powerful female warrior, which goes against the stereotype that men are the ones who hold the strength and power to fight. Hinduism as a religion gives great power to women, unlike the society which strips women of their influence. I strongly support Ramakrishna’s perspective that â€Å"each religion is only a path leading to God† (Richard, 65). I admire the many rivers into one ocean analogy used to describe his idea of different religions but only one God. He was accepting of all other religions and believed â€Å"it is not good to feel that one’s religion alone is true and all others are false† (Richard, 65). One can see that equality was important to Ramakrishna whether it was through religion, the caste system or gender rules. He illustrated that by finding love for God, one’s mind, body and soul no longer belong as a part of the cast system. In addition, during Ramakrishna’s time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often demeaned. But his belief that women should be worshiped as â€Å"embodiments of the Divine Mother† (Richard, 73) severed this separation. I greatly admire Ramakrishna as he demonstrates his idea of ‘duties’ undertaken by people for name and fame, resulting in an individual’s ego. Duties that are made and carried out by one’s self is not as selfless as those completed as they are presented. Success from carrying out ‘duties’ is what creates a person’s ego. The ego makes people individuals and separates them into ‘you’ and ‘I’. But God sees everyone as one and wishes others would see the same. The only means by which all individuals can become one is by â€Å"going away from the world into solitude† (Richard, 69). This moves the individual away from the distractions of the Maya and allows one to concentrate on the inner self to develop the love of God. With the love of God and as part of one, they are no longer an individual ego. Mahatma Gandhi from â€Å"Gandhi’s Key Writings: In Search of Unity† Let me tell you about a man named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is known as Mahatma, meaning great soul, Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 to a Vaishnava family. His mother and father were greatly religious people and influenced his perception of the world. However, growing up, he realized he was not a man of religion but of ethics. His interest in ethics drove him to study Law in London, England. With a background in Law, Mahatma Gandhi set out to create equality and morality amongst the people. His first attempt was in South Africa where he went to attain civil rights for the 62,000 Indians living there as laborers. At that time, Indians were not allowed to vote and were deprived of many other human rights. The civil rights movement lead by Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa is where he found Satyagraha. Satyagraha as a theoretical principle was first introduced in Mahatma Gandhi’s book Hind Swaraj and he shows how he used this philosophical principle in South Africa through his book Satyagraha In South Africa. Satyagraha is a theory that â€Å"recognizes the universal possibility of goodness and virtue† (Suhrud,78). The original Gujurati title of Mahatma Gandhi’s book is Dakshin Africa Na Satyagraha No Itihas (Suhrud, 77) when translated into English it would read â€Å"A History of Satyagraha in South Africa†. However, Mahatma Gandhi had a strong stance between the words ‘Itihas’ and ‘History’, even though they can be considered direct translations of each other. He believed that Itihas in English means ‘it’s so happened’ as opposed to ‘history’ because for him history is associated with a past filled with wars and hatred. This is a glimpse of how Mahatma Gandhi coined the term Satyagraha as a â€Å"soul force† that is completely void of violence. (Suhrud, 77) Satyagraha’s meaning has many faces and the theory itself comes along with many values, but the real meaning of Satyagraha is â€Å"holding on to truth†. According to Mahatma Gandhi this meaning should insinuate love and firmness, bringing about non-violence. This is a separate term from passive resistance, because the latter is still considered a weapon using violence. In fact, one of the principles of Satyagraha is ‘Ahimsa’ meaning non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi started the Satyagraha struggle in South Africa with a series of non-violent protests. One such act was the burning of registration certificates at a community bonfire. This bonfire was an act of defiance against the Asiatic Registration Act of 1907. The means by which Gandhi took a stance against the act broke the law, hence he took the corresponding punishment i. e. multiple blows to the head. As a Satyagrahi, Gandhi did not respond to the violent punishment but instead attempted to get back on his feet and continue burning the registration certificates. Due to Gandhi’s persistence, he was thrown in jail for not succumbing to the police. This is one brutal example of how Mahatma Gandhi implemented Satyagraha in South Africa. Mahatma Gandhi believed that morals and ethics were essential in order to create unity amongst societies and the people within them. From moral and ethics he derived a dogma known as Satyagraha whose core values are truth and ahimsa. Mahatma Gandhi adopted this attitude and applied it in any of his rebellious acts in South Africa. This was an astute strategy he created, so regardless of his actions that stood against the power, he was still ethically correct, making it more difficult for the authorities to bring him down. In this manner, Mahatma Gandhi attained civil rights for the Indians in South Africa.

Southern Appalachian Cultures: Their Pursuit for Prosperity and the Env

Where there are various regions there are bound to be a variety of people with alternate cultures, beliefs, and ways of life. The cultures found with the Appalachia are unique in their own ways and represent a body of individuals who found their way to such an area. Land that is included within the Southern Appalachia can be best described by Horace Kephart as he does so in his book The Southern Highlander and His Homeland to include: â€Å"the four western counties of Maryland; the Blue Ridge Valley, and Allegheny Ridge counties of Virginia; all of West Virginia; eastern Tennessee; eastern Kentucky; western North Carolina; the four northwestern counties of South Carolina; northern Georgia; and northeastern Alabama.† (22-24) With so much area to be had there are a few prominent cultures and occurrences that need to be discussed. Native Indians, European settlers, Industrialists, and the present economy will be referred to in the process of identifying the cultures within Southern Appalachia. Cultures of the Southern Appalachia that will be discussed will display the lifestyles of many, religion of the areas focused on, and the values individuals held towards the environment. The Cherokee and Shawnee Indians were the more prominent groups found within the Southern Appalachian region. The Cherokee Indians were believed to have come to parts of southern Appalachia during prehistoric times. ("Cherokee Nation-Indian Territory.") They remained in areas such as southwest Virginia, the Carolinas, northern Alabama and Georgia, and the Cumberland Basin of Tennessee and Kentucky. (â€Å"Native American, the Cherokee†) The Cherokee Indians who had settled in Southern Appalachia were an Iroquoian-speaking people, they built their homes from ... ...the factories, loss of timber within the Appalachian forests, and the amount of CO2 releasing into the atmosphere constantly. Presently the damage we have caused to occur upon the environment in the Southern Appalachia is vast and incomprehensible. The greatest environmental challenge facing Southern Appalachia today is the loss of such prized and beautiful â€Å"native forests† of Southern Appalachia. (19) Although much of the timber within the forests has come back after being utilized as lumber, there are extreme consequences for taking away such an important aspect of Appalachian Nature and culture. What’s lost cannot be gained, but we can surely do what little we can to impact of culture and world on matters of the need for preservation of nature, so that the environment may prosper for many years to come. Can you make a sacrifice for your area, for your world?

Inhibitor Improves Learning Essay

The article is entitled, Peripheral Delivery of a ROCK Inhibitor Improves Learning and Working Memory. Title of the journal the article was published in and date published: This article was published in the journal entitled Behavioral Neuroscience in February 2009. The journal is published by the American Psychological Association. Describe the topic and the experiment conducted. What did they do? The article noted that in related studies, the RhoA/ROCK/Rac pathway is involved in the cognitive processes. Thus, they postulated that if this pathway could be inhibited, learning and memory can be enhanced. The article explained that fasudil has been used in experiments for the treatment of vasospasm and angina but not for learning and memory. Hydroxyfasudil is an active metabolite of fasudil. The study subjects were 27 rats who were 17 months old and 18 months old at the time of actual behavioral testing. Specifically, the study used Fischer-344 male rats who were bred at the aging colony of the National Institute on Aging at Harlan Laboratories (Indianapolis, IN). All the rats were acclimatized before the actual experiment according to IACUC standards and all the procedure done were with the approval of the local IACUC committee. NIH standards were followed. The study was done in Arizona State University. The study grouped the rats into three experimental groups. The first group of rats received saline and was labeled as the â€Å"aged vehicle† group. The second group received 0. 1875 mg hydroxyfasudil and was labeled as the â€Å"aged low dose† group. The third group received 0. 3750 mg hydroxyfasudil and was labeled as the â€Å"aged high dose† group. Of the 27 rats, nine belonged to the â€Å"aged vehicle† group, another nine rats in the â€Å"aged low dose† group, and another nine rats in the â€Å"aged high dose† group. Since hydroxyfasudil has a half-life of around 5-7 hours in humans, the drugs were all administered in the morning before behavior testing was done. All injections were given by subcutaneous injection at the scruff of the neck of the rat. All experimenters who performed the behavioral testing and succeeding dissections of the rats’ brains were blind to the respective treatment groups of the rats. The behavioral testing used the Water Radial Arm Maze to test working and reference memory, and the Spatial Reference Memory Morris Maze to test for spatial learning and memory. The performance of the rats in these two mazes were compared and used as basis as to whether cognitive functions were enhanced or not with the administration of hydroxyfasudil. Summarize the most important results. What did they find and what does that mean? 4 pts The results of the behavioral testing done using the water radial-arm maze, the â€Å"aged high dose† group was superior in all measures evaluated: learning index scores for total errors, working memory correct errors, and working memory incorrect errors. Better learning was indicated by having a higher learning index. Aged high dose† group showed better learning on all three measures. The group’s learning index when compared to the â€Å"aged vehicle† group was significantly higher. As for the â€Å"aged low dose† group, it still had a higher learning index when compared to the â€Å"aged vehicle group† but only marginally for the working memory incorrect errors. For the other two m easures, the group still had a higher learning index but no longer marginally, but intermediate between the â€Å"aged high dose† and â€Å"aged vehicle† groups suggesting that the relationship may be dose-dependent. Another important result noted was that hydroxyfasudil did not significantly alter spatial reference memory performance in either maze. 5) What implications do these results have for future research? What should they look at next? The implications of study would mean that if hydroxyfasudil can inhibit events that influence cognition, the next step would be to confirm this in result in a larger number of mice or even in rabbits. They should also look into the side effects of hydroxyfasudil and a good start would be to look for the same side effects found in its parent compound which is also being currently studied. ) Does this study reveal anything that could be useful to society (the general population, not science), and if so, what is it? This study showed that if hydroxyfasudil does improve cognitive function by improving spatial learning and memory, then science has found another possible answer to age-related or neurodegenerative-related memory dysfunction. To put it simply, hydroxyfasudil, if safe and effective in improving spatial learning and memory, will help patients who suffer from age-related or neurodegenerative-related memory dysfunction. ) What are some possible confounds or errors that this study should have controlled for, but did not? Essentially, what would make this a better study? In my opinion, this study was a good one with very negligible confounders. One thing that might have made the study better though was the possible side effects of hydroxyfasudil on the short term and also long term. 8) What did you learn that you did not know before? What did you find most interesting? I found that fact that such a drug as hydroxyfasudil being a possible treatment for those suffering from age-related memory dysfunction, fascinating. I did not know this until I read this article. If it is indeed a possible cure, many people all over the world would live a better life in their advanced age since their memory will serve them better and they will depend less on their children and thus, have a less likely chance of being placed in homes just because families have difficulty caring for them.

What Impact Does Tourism Have in Coastal Areas in Spain

Impacts of mass tourism in coastal areas of Spain| | Sabine Alma 213772 Group TTM1M | | 2012 2012 Table of Contents Declaration 3 Introduction 5 What is mass tourism and how did tourism develop in Spain? 5 What are the cultural and social impacts of tourism in the coastal areas in Spain? 6 What impact does mass tourism have on the economy and environment in Spain? 7 Conclusion 9 Grading sheet10 Reference list12 Declaration I declare that: * I composed this work This work has not been accepted in any previous application for a degree or diploma by me or anyone else * All sources of my information have been acknowledged Date: Name: Signature: Word Count: â€Å"What impact does tourism have in coastal areas in Spain, since late 1950’s†? Introduction According to Bramwell (2004) a third of the income of the Mediterranean comes from the tourism sector, as tourism is mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of Spain. Nowadays, tourism is indispensable. This paper focuses on t he impact that mass tourism has on the coastal areas in Spain.Bramwell (2004) states that since 1960, there has been a major growth in the tourism sector. Tourists who go to Spain especially travel to the Spanish coasts. In addition, the author argues that tourism has an impact on these areas and this paper will analyse impacts on the coastal areas. First, mass tourism will be defined and discussed, as it is very important to know what it means in order to understand the topic. Secondly, the cultural and social impacts of mass tourism in the Spanish coast are stated. Lastly, the outcomes of the research will be explained in the conclusion.What is mass tourism and how did tourism develop in Spain? According to Wahab and Pigram (1997) mass tourism consists of three basic elements which concerns mainly cooperative group of travelling, cooperative accommodation and mindful integration of the holiday maker in a group of travellers (Wahab & Pigram, 1997). Page and Connell (2009) claims th at mass tourism is, â€Å"a high volume of tourism that appeals to a large market† (p ). Furthermore, they remark that it can change the area and its population which also concerns the coastal areas in Spain.According to Gonzales (1996) general Franco dedicated his regime to the promotion of tourism as the main financial program in order to conquer the issues of their payments poverty in the country. Bramwell (2004) states that foreign investment tourism has developed expeditious centred primarily on the recreational zones of the Mediterranean coastline areas. Therefore, Bramwell (2004) maintains that international mass tourism began to develop in the coastal areas and islands of the Mediterranean Europe in the decades of the late 1950s.The majority significant characteristics of Spanish tourism after the Second World War have been experiencing rapid growth in the visitor numbers and the combination of domestic and inbound middle and lower-class social groups, according to Br amwell (2004). The author discovered that large expansion in tourism came after the 1950s and the visitors totalled 47,7 million by the year 1986. Additionally, Spanish domestic tourism has subsidised considerably to the growth of mass tourism (Bramwell, 2004).Bramwell (2004) discovered that another element that contributed to the growth of mass tourism was the introduction of package holidays, which are low priced. He states that the Spanish coastline became covered with hotels and flats funded by foreign financiers who presented low package holidays, which in return consumed less cash as well as not giving sufficient income for the countries balance of payment (Bramwell, 2004). What are the cultural and social impacts of tourism in the coastal areas of Spain? The influences on the civilisation and culture of these coastal areas are particularly multidimensional, intricate and contested.Tourism has acquired and provided individuals more financial and social independence from their family. Besides fathers are less powerful in families than before, even supposing that the family has preserved importance, including as a small â€Å"economic unit† that combines diverse sources of income from tourism. Furthermore, it has been argued that tourism has led to depopulation from the villages and a concentration of population in the towns (Bramwell, 2004). Besides, the impacts and consequences of the commercialisation of culture for tourism purposes caused many academic discussions.With some depicting this process as fundamentally destructive of the meaning through which local inhabitants organise their lives (Greenwood, 1989: 179). Certainly, this tourist commercialisation can affect inhabitants’ culture, however it must not be expected that people automatically are incompetent to withstand these pressures whether local cultures should somehow kept fixed. Nevertheless, mass tourism changes the behaviour of the inhabitants from the coastal areas. The inhab itants adapt to the tourists behaviour due to the fact that they want to make money out of these tourists.Tourists wear different clothes, eat different food and interact differently with each other. An example is that in restaurants, Dutch, German food can be ordered. With the arrival of the first tourists in the late 1950s, bikinis were prohibited however an exception for tourists was made. The culture in an area changes slowly and finally can disappear due to tourism. Although, certain inhabitants of the coastal areas attach to the old-fashioned things, as tourists like to see cultural things such as traditional costumes and traditional dances.Regularly, tourists think that inhabitants of the tourism areas still live like these old traditions, while this is not the case (van Rooden, 2010). Also other significant influences on changes in their society, in particular the effects of mass media, increasing living standards, and the evolving awareness of environmental concerns (Bramwe ll, 2003: 598). According to Salva Tomas(1991) the rapid growth of tourism in the Spanish Balearic islands has encouraged population expansion. Furthermore the islands’ appeared as one of the wealthiest regions in southern Europe.Besides, Vidal Bendito (1994) is serious about focusing entirely on the impact of tourism on these islands, as a demographic and economical data shows that the Balearic society modernised already before the beginning of mass tourism. Regarding multinational food chains, McDonalds for example, are global and put an end to the unique quality of a location. Universal forms in music, fashion and films lead to a westernisation of civilisation and cultures. Furthermore, it brings down the tourist knowledge and harms the local cultural systems.Above all, in certain countries religious dances may be commercialised and promoted, glamorised for western visitors and performed out of context. As well there may be trivialising of local trades such as woodworks an d mass production of souvenirs (Bramwell, 2004). What impact does mass tourism have on the economy and environment of Spain? Mass tourism provides more jobs for the local inhabitants in the coastal areas of Spain. The inhabitants of the areas work in restaurants, hotels and cafes. Furthermore, they maintain beach chair rentals and sell souvenirs.Many other benefits have been created through tourism, such as hotels, apartments, roads, railways, waterworks, and restaurants have provided many jobs. Companies from the coastal areas earn lots of money to manufacture and building. Likewise, cleaning companies, travel agencies, bus companies and information agencies are needed. The local citizen discovered methods and businesses to get income via mass tourism, mainly they own bike rentals, miniature golf courses, or amuse tourists with their speedboats. source) Previously, small fishing villages had a high unemployment however this totally changed by the development of mass tourism. Theref ore, many people are happy with the development of tourism in the coastal areas of Spain (van Rooden, 2010) The socio-economic disadvantages of this industry contain the possibility for revenue leakage from the local economy to tour operators and carriers in origin countries, and its focus of low-level workers who are badly paid and employed aptly to the rise and fall in tourism (Bramwell, 2004).Frequently, tourism is associated with complications of seasonal job losses and stages of long hours of intense work, according to Urry (1990: 66 – 88). Therefore, the low payments often contribute to the forms of differences among the populations of tourist areas. Furthermore, there can be critical differences in the distribution of tourism between parts of capital, for instance between tour operators which operate external, and local tourism businesses which are on a smaller scale, as well between different districts. Since the 1960s millions of tourists visit the Spanish coasts.In order to meet the ever-growing demand, large-scale apartment complexes and hotels along the coasts resurrected. Furthermore, construction of new resorts is continuing nowadays. The result is that many of these beach destinations along the Spanish coast suffer from horizon pollution. This implies that hotels and apartment complexes will rise in the height and only front accommodations have sea views, which shows that the agricultural policy aimed at rapid growth rather than sustainability. A range of accommodations dates back to the 1950s or 1960s, which often are expired nowadays.Consequently, outdated accommodations attract young travelers who bargain to for example Salou and Lloret de Mar. However, these inexpensive trips do hardly contribute to the local economy (Stichting Fair Tourism, 2012). To turn to the rapid growth, the environmental and temporal attentiveness of the industry often have enhanced its environmental influences (Shaw&Williams, 1994). The ability of infrastructu re in an area exceeded the rapid increase of several resorts at that time. Particularly, the demanding summer months resulted to strong environmental concerns (Sharpley, 2000: 283).Occasionally, these concerns display in defects in road facilities and substrates, collection and discard of refuse, sewage collection systems and water purification. Particularly, where local government is not used to the new intensities of demand, where is a lack of applicable competences or is underfinanced (Priestley & Mundet, 1998: 92). The conjunction of laws in pro-developments and the absence of implementation and enforcement of the principles of land-use and environmental regulation has occasioned in difficulties such as landscape ilapidation, sea pollution, devastation of ecosystem, loss of useful agrarian land and the mixing of inconsistent land usage (Bramwell, 2004). Moreover, almost all disposable products are imported, which in itself is harmful to the environment. Al disposable items are a huge waste. A tourist produces 50% more waste than a local inhabitant. Additionally, a Spanish citizen uses around 250 liters of water per day, while a tourist uses an average of 900 liters. These numbers include use of swimming pools and golf courses.The huge water consumption of tourists in Spain is a major problem, since the coastal areas already suffer from water scarcity. The wastewater from hotels and other tourist facilities are not handled well. This, in fact is being dumped into the sea a view miles away from the coast (Stichting Fair Tourism, 2012). While developments along Spanish coasts in second-home and retirement home are frequently built at lower volume fractions, this reduced spatial concentration itself can have negative consequences. Including, the more major losses of agricultural land and pollution from traffic is an impact of increased travel distances.Furthermore, the developments of tourism contribute to diverse pressures on environmental resources in coasta l areas, including the stones and sand used for building materials (Bramwell, 2004). Conclusion Based on the findings presented in the previous part it can be concluded that tourism has played a tremendous role in the coastal areas of Spain. The development of tourism since the late 1950s has caused many changes in those areas and therefore it has numerous influences in various fields. Since tourism is indispensable, masses of tourists visit the Spanish coastal areas each year.The tourism industry has left its traces and therefore it is important to be aware of this. There are undoubtedly economic benefits from mass tourism as families become more independent. Furthermore, villages become less inhabited as there are many sources of income in the coastal areas. Additionally, mass tourism leads to a westernisation of civilisation and cultures, wherefore it brings down the tourist knowledge and harms the local cultural systems. All in all, it can be said that tourism has many advantage s and disadvantages.When coming to all the above-mentioned facts, there are generally more disadvantages. It has been argued that, it is very important that tourists become more aware of the downside of tourism. Tourists depart every week however the Spanish inhabitants have to deal with all the consequences of tourism, as they will live there all their lives. Grading Sheet First Year Writing Assignment Assessment form: You must include a copy of this form (2 pages) with your Report. (Max 84 points)Name:Sabine Alma English teacher: Dymphi van der Hoeven Formatting/ Structure: Correct Layout: * Font, spacing, page numbering, headers, numbered tables, graphs, charts| 1| 2| * Proper Table of contents (APA Style) * Title Page (title of report, student’s name, number, date, assessor’s name * Table of Contents * The paper (I. B. C. , not on separate pages) * List of Works cited * Grading Sheet and declaration| 1| | Introduction – Movement is from general to specific * General background to the topic * Statement of purpose * Preview of the contents of the report| 3| 12|Body * Clear sections with standard phrases that introduce or link in each section * Sufficient support (examples, statistics, expert opinions, etc. ) * Ideas from outside sources are relevant, sufficiently elaborated, and synthesized * All findings develop the topic and relate to the purpose/problem statement (no irrelevancies)| 6| | Conclusion * Review/ summary of the findings (pulling it all together) * Outcome of work = answer to purpose/problem statement (if applicable) * Recommendations, future prospects, personal opinions (if applicable)| 3| |Correct APA Referencing Evidence of PLAGIARISM = 0 marks for the whole assignment * In-text citation: paraphrasing (clearly in student’s own words) * Direct quotations (no more than 10% of final copy) * Reference list/ works cited or bibliography are correct according to APA| | 15| Style Formality (appropriate style of language for the assignment) * Written in an audience orientated way * Balance between formal and informal| | 12|Variety and accuracy of vocabulary * Correct choice of words * Vocabulary has variety and interest (avoids using simplistic expressions and or repetition)| | |Conciseness * Direct and to the point (avoids using wordy phrases)| | | Coherence * Flow of the sentences is smooth (avoids using awkward, ambiguous, confusing sentences)| | | Grammar * Complete sentences (lack of fragments, run-on sentences) * Use of transitional words and phrases (linking or connectors) * Correct word order * Correct use of tenses, verb/noun and singular/plural agreement * Correct prepositions, correct word form (i. e. endings)| | 12| Mechanics * Correct use of capitals, commas * Avoid overuse of bold font, ! , semi-colon * Spelling| | 3|Reference list Bramwell, B ( 2004). Coastal Mass tourism. Deversification and Sustainable Development in Southern Europe. Clevedon: Channel view productions. Bramwell, B. (2003) Maltese responses to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 30 (3), 581 – 605. Greenwood, D. J. (1989) Culture by the pound. An anthropological persepctive on tourism as cultural commmoditization. In V. Page, M. , Page, S. , Connell, J. (2009) Tourism: A Modern Synthesis. n. d. Cengage Learning Emea Priesley, G. K. (1995). Evolution of tourism on the Spanish coast. In. G. J. Ashworth and A.G. J Dietvorst Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze. Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage Vidal Bendito, T. (1994) The Balearic population in the twentieth century. In M. R. Carli (ed) Economic and population Trends in the Mediterranean Islands (pp. 129-54). Collana Alti Seminari 5. Naples: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane. Salva Tomas, P. A. (1991) La population des iles Baleares pendent 40 ans de tourisme de masse (1950-1989). Mediterranee 1, 74 -14. Shaw, G and Williams, A. M. (1994). Critical issues in tourism: A geographical persepecitve.Oxford: Blackwell. Sharpley , R. (1998). Island Tourism Development. The case of Cyprus. Newcastle: centre for Travel tourism, university of Northumbria at Newcastle. Stichting Fair Tourism. (2012). Massa Tourism. Retrieved 30 March, 2012 from http://www. fairtourism. nl/index. php? pagimenu_id=25&pagimenu_Sid=7 Van Rooden, P. (2010) Gevolgen van massatoerisme. Retrieved April 04, 2012 from http://www. schooltv. nl/eigenwijzer/2157310/aardrijkskunde/item/2831006/gevolgen-van-massatoerisme/ Wahab, S, & Pigram J. J. (1997)Tourism, Development and Growth. The

Producing Marisol essays

Producing Marisol essays Marisol, a play written by Jose Rivera, is the play I enjoyed reading the most this semester. Rivera, one of the leading contemporary Latin American playwrights, writes with an image. After reading Marisol, I came away with a very specific picture of what Rivera had in mind. He easily combines the realistic moments of life, the dangers of the Bronx, dealing with an emotionally unstable young man, Lenny, and the friendships developed with those we work with, with his world on the verge of apocalypse where the mundanities of life we take for granted have changed. Marisol has elements of pure theology where Rivera's own possible musings are written in to his characters. These elements include the appearance of Marisol's guardian angel in Marisol's dreams, the threat to Marisol's life in the form of a woman turned to a pile of salt and the smoke from a fire in Ohio blocking the sun in New York City. These all occur in the first act before the War of the Heavens begins. This play was written in the early nineties, copyright 1992, 1994, and revised and copyrighted 1999. Rivera was very specific in his stage directions and overall views of the design and production of the play in order to facilitate his image. These stage directions and other designs should be followed by the people producing his play in order to produce the image the play means to impart to the audience. He poises a gold crown, suspended in the air over the set, over the actors, over all of his creation, signifying God. But this crown, this God, remains motionless, remains detached from all the proceedings. To support his unnervingly imminently apocalyptic world, the mundanities that we would take for granted that are missing from Marisol's world, like the moon and the extinction of coffee, are dropped to the audience in a conversation between June, a co-worker and Marisol's best friend, and Marisol at work(Rivera 22-23). To accomplish the subtlety of unnerv...

How to Conjugate Suggérer (to Suggest) in French

How to Conjugate Suggà ©rer (to Suggest) in French The French verb  suggà ©rer  looks very similar to its English meaning, to suggest. While that makes it easier to remember, youll still need to conjugate it to say things such as we suggested and I am suggesting. Dont worry, a quick lesson will help you memorize the essential forms of  suggà ©rer  you need. The Basic Conjugations of  Suggà ©rer Suggà ©rer is a stem-changing verb and that does complicate this conjugation a bit. In the indicative mood, which includes the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses, youll notice that the accented à © changes in some forms to à ¨. Also, in the future tense, you have the option of either accent. Using the chart, you can study these conjugations by finding the subject pronoun and the corresponding tense required for your sentence. As an example,  je suggà ©re  means I am suggesting while  nous suggà ©rions  means we suggested.   Present Future Imperfect je suggre suggreraisuggrerai suggrais tu suggres suggrerassuggreras suggrais il suggre suggrerasuggrera suggrait nous suggrons suggreronssuggrerons suggrions vous suggrez suggrerezsuggrerez suggriez ils suggrent suggrerontsuggreront suggraient The Present Participle of  Suggà ©rer When you add -ant  to the radical of  suggà ©rer, you form the  present participle  suggà ©rant. This can be used as a verb, of course, though it also has the potential to become a noun or adjective in some circumstances. Suggà ©rer  in the Compound Past Tense Passà © composà ©Ã‚  is the French compound past tense. It combines the  past participle  suggà ©rà ©Ã‚  with the auxiliary verb  avoir.   Begin by conjugating  avoir  into the present tense to match the subject, then add the past participle. For example, I suggested is  jai suggà ©rà ©Ã‚  and we suggested is  nous avons suggà ©rà ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Suggà ©rer When you need to question whether the act of suggesting will happen, you can use  the subjunctive. If the action is dependent on certain conditions,  the conditional  may be used. The literary tenses of  the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are typically reserved for written French, though they are good to know as well. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je suggre suggreraissuggrerais suggrai suggrasse tu suggres suggreraissuggrerais suggras suggrasses il suggre suggreraitsuggrerait suggra suggrt nous suggrions suggrerionssuggrerions suggrmes suggrassions vous suggriez suggreriezsuggreriez suggrtes suggrassiez ils suggrent suggreraientsuggreraient suggrrent suggrassent There may also be times when youll want to use  suggà ©rer  in  the French imperative.  When you do, its acceptable to skip the subject pronoun and simply say  suggà ©rons. Imperative (tu) suggre (nous) suggrons (vous) suggrez

Leadership Ethics and Diversity Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Ethics and Diversity - Case Study Example Again the Executive Leader could have also worked in helping Michael get leave on medical grounds. This policy would have helped the company in reducing the level of disturbances gained owing to the behavioral conducts of Michael and similarly would have helped Michel in leading a tension and stress free life being way from the workplace. However adequate privacy should be held pertaining to the medical information of Michael gained in the course such that it does not lead to any kind of embarrassment. Thus rather than treating him to be disabled the acts should work in understanding how to ease the situation for Michael and thereby effectively accommodate him in the concern (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p.265). This stance would have helped Harvard from countering any Discrimination Suit such that Michael would have felt to have been cared for by his superiors. Again the above case would have helped in gaining Michael back to work with effective treatment conducted. Case 2 The Executive Leader duly appointed would have worked to make the passengers understand and honor the religious sentiments of the Muslims through rendering of examples in which an activity conducted would have affected the latter’s religious sentiments. Justification of the religious sentiments of the Muslim cab drivers would have helped in abolishing the mental conflicts pertaining to the same between the cab drivers and passengers. The Executive Leader must endeavor to enhance the religious position and sentiments of both the parties to the issue and also must act in enhancing the number of cabs not driven by Muslim drivers in the region (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p. 265). Case 3 In this case the Executive Leader should have worked in creating an intervention program to treat Brown’s problem of Sleep Apnea to effectively increase his efficiency at the workplace rather than working on termination standards. Thus firstly the Executive Leader would work in identifying the level of ps ychiatric ailment pertaining to Brown through the assistance of a psychiatrist appointed by the company. This psychiatrist can work to evaluate the history and the medical help gained till now at the personal level by Brown. Such intervention process coupled by steady documentation would help the company management gain adequate knowledge of the present condition of the Sleep Apnea aliment of Brown. Depending on such knowledge the company can adequately change the work environment for Brown by temporarily putting Brown on leave or relocating him to other departments. The Executive Leader must also work in getting feedback and information from time to time relating to the level of revival gained in by Brown through such medical interventions carried out. Feedbacks can be gained both at the personal and at the medical level by consulting with Brown and the psychiatrists respectively. This intervention process needs to be carried on till the time the psychiatrists consider him fit to r ejoin the duty of ‘Emergency Dispatcher’ (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p.265). The above intervention program carried out by the Executive Leader would help in enhancing the level of commitment and loyalty of Brown towards the